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Fluid grate design and optimalization in the function aspect point of view and economy of production
Voráč, Petr ; Vondál, Jiří (referee) ; Nekvasil, Richard (advisor)
The Master´s thesis deals with the fluid layer, with types of fluidized layer and with problems which can be solve during design of new fluidized beds. The aim was find the fluidized grid, which is the best form economical and technological point of view. In this work are compared three fluidized grids. The first was part of submission. Next two additional types were then proposed by the author of thesis. Proposals grids are discussed in detail from the design phase, through the modeling and subsequent simulation part in a computer program. The results of simulation are pressure losses. Which are compared with the recommended interval values. Afterward these tested beds are put through technical and economic analysis. The result is grade which is met both requirements.
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Fluid boiler CFB for wood biomass combustion, setam paramters 150 t/h; 9,3 MPa; 530 °C
Martinek, Jan ; Moskalík, Jiří (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the control calculation of fluid biomass boilers with circulating fluidized bed. The introduction briefly introduced fluidized bed boilers and explained what biomass is. Furthermore there is a stoichiometric calculation of combustion. The calculation of the losses and the efficiency of the boiler is following. Desulphurization is calculated briefly. The main part is devoted to the design and calculation of individual heat exchanging surfaces: superheater P1, superheaters 2 and 3, the wall superheater, the return chamber, hanging tubes, economizer and air heater. At the end is calculated total tolerance boiler. Work is completed with a diagram of temperature of working media and combustion.
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Design of a fluidizing device for encapsulation
Lizúch, Ján ; Skácel, Josef (referee) ; Otáhal, Alexandr (advisor)
The aim of a bachelor´s thesis is to design and construct a model of fluidized bed for encapsulating a hybrid integrated circuits. A theory about hybrid integrated circuits, their packages, principles of fluidized bed and about organic materials suitable for fluidization is included in a first part of the thesis. Next parts of the thesis discusses a design of a theoretical model and its practical construction part. Thesis also contains a part about fluidization process optimalization for a specific encapsulating material.
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Design of Methods for Cleaning of Gas at Gasification of Stalk
Moskalík, Jiří ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
Due to the continuous growth of energy consumption it is required that development in the energy sector is focused on renewable energy sources. Another possibility how to reduce the consumption of primary energy resources is also searching for new and non-traditional fuels. The biomass is the best and potentially expandable renewable energy source in geographic conditions in the Czech Republic. The energy usage of biomass has experienced a significant increase in recent years, however, even in the big energy power plant. This increase in consumption made mainly from wood biomass a shortage fuel, and it began to raise its price. The consumers of biomass fuel are starting to look for a different type of fuel at this time. Stalk and slightly contaminated biomass are representatives of these non-traditional fuels. Stalks are mostly annual plants grown primarily for subsistence. Waste parts of these plants can be utilized for production of energy. The characteristic temperatures of stalk ash have relatively low values. Sintering of ash in a device is one of the obstacles for energy usage of stalk. Sintering of ash brings a number of operational problems at power facilities. Therefore, the part of a research is dedicated to the melting of ash. The thermal gasification is one of the possibilities how to use biomass efficiently. Gasification can be understood as the thermo-chemical conversion of solid fuel into a different state, in this case the gaseous state. The combustion process is generally more manageable for gaseous fuels. Due to this process ower emissions of undesirable compounds at the output of the combustion device can be achieved. Thermal gasification process takes place under stochiometric access of oxidant. The gas with low heating value is on the outlet from gasification process. The main components of produced gas are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. The final gas contains also a lot of undesirable constituents, which make this gas disadvantaged in energy. These constituents are neutral components that dilute gas only, and pollutants as dust, tar and compounds of sulfur and chlorine. These pollutants complicate further use of the generated gas. The tar compounds together with dust causing build-up on the conveyor pipe and also on the combustion equipment, which are using this generated gas. The quality of produced gas is increases by another reprocessing and cleaning. The purified gas can be used for cogeneration of energy and burn it in internal combustion engines or gas turbines. Other possibility is typical usage for heating according to the needs of technology. The atmospheric fluidized bed gasification reactor Biofluid 100th was built for experimental purposes in the laboratories of the Energy Institute. The thesis is focused on thermal gasification of stalk and other non-traditional fuels in Biofluid device. The aim is to achieve a stable gasification process of stalk and thereby verify the possibility of stalk use as fuel for technology Biofluid. Subsequent aim is design of methods for cleaning the raw gas from the tar compounds. The research is focused on the secondary gas cleaning methods due to the requirements of high purity of the resulting gas.
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Modern treatments by powder paints
Turek, Tomáš ; Kovář, Petr (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with the process of powder coating paint, a description of the individual steps and types of used equipment. Thesis also includes the distribution of powder paints and overview of basic information, color chart systems and the description of color tone perception. At the end of the thesis are summary of quality standards of deposited surface and technologic process of coating using in the powder coating in paintshop.
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Gasification of Pine Wood Chips with Air-Steam in Fluidized Bed
Salami, Najdat ; Noskievič,CSc, Pavel (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
Tato práce studovala vliv použití vzduchu a páry jako zplynovacího činidla ve zkapalňovacím generátoru plynu na vlastnosti vyprodukovaného plynu (oxid uhelnatý, vodík, obsah dehtu a nízká výhřevnost). Tato studie byla založena na experimentech které byly provedeny ve fluidním generátoru plynu Biofluid 100 v laboratoři Energetického ústavu technologické univerzity Brno s použitím páry jako zplynovacího činidla a borovicového dřeva jako výchozí suroviny. Cílem této dizertační práce je stanovit nejlepší provozní parametry systému při užití vodní páry a vzduchu ve zplynovacím zařízení biofluid 100, při kterých se dosáhne nejvyšší kvality plynu. K dosažení tohoto cíle bylo provedeno mnoho experimentů studujících účinky teploty reaktoru(T101), poměru páry a biomasy (S/B) poměru páry a vzduchu (S/A), teploty dodávané páry (Tf1), ekvivalentního poměru ER,ve složení vyprodukovaném plynu, výhřevnost, výtěžnost plynu, efektivnost přeměny uhlíku a účinnost zplynovače. Výsledky experimentů ukázaly, že zvýšení teploty reaktoru vede ke zvýšení obsahu vodíku a oxidu uhelnatého, výhřevnosti, výtěžnosti plynu, efektivnosti přeměny uhlíku, efektivnosti zplynovače a ke snížení obsahu dehtu. Příliš vysoká teplota reaktoru ale snižuje výhřevnost plynu. Dodáváním páry se zvýšila kvalita plynu, vyšší H_2,LHV a nižší obsah dehtu. Přesto ale nadměrné množství páry snižuje zplyňovací teplotu a tím i kvalitu plynu. Poměr páry a biomasy při kterém se dosáhne nejlepší kvality plynu se zvýší s teplotou reaktoru. Bylo zjištěno, že kdykoli byla teplota páry (Tf1) vyšší, byl plyn více kvalitní, ale zvyšování teploty páry také zvyšuje ekonomické náklady na vyprodukovaný plyn což se při masové produkci plynu musí brát v úvahu. Efekt ekvivalentního poměru ER, byl studován postupným zvyšováním, bylo zjištěno, že nejlepší ekvivalentní poměr pro dosažení nejvyšší kvality plynu byl kolem 0.29, při ER > 0.29 byl obsah hořlavého plynu snížen a to vedlo ke snížení kvality plynu. Obsah dehtu se snižuje jak zvýšením teploty reaktoru tak poměrem páry k biomase. Podle výsledků experimentů a diskuze, bylo zjištěno, že při použití směsi páry a vzduchu se kvalita plynu zvýší, parametry pro dosažení nejvyšší kvality vyprodukovaného plynu při experimentálních podmínkách jsou: T101 =829 S/B=0.67((kg steam)/(kg biomass)) ,S/A=0.67((kg steam)/(kg air)) , ER= 0.29 and a Tf1 je nejvyšší možná teplota,při které se vodík zvýší z 10.48 na 19,68% a výhřevnost z 3.99 na 5.52(MJ/m^3 ) a obsah dehtu z 1964(mg/m^3 ) na 1046(mg/m^3 ) zvýšením z 0 na 0.67 při T101=829 .
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Reducing the content of combustible substances in the flying ash
Mucha, Matej ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The thesis deals with formation, usage, advantages and disadvantages of fluidized bed. It describes power plant Vojany, the process of generation power, used technology of fluidized bed boilers and their technical problems. The thesis summarizes the solutions given by University of technology Czestochova and also gives suggestion to solve the problem of large content of combustible coal parts in fly ash.
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Design of a fluidizing device for encapsulation
Lizúch, Ján ; Skácel, Josef (referee) ; Otáhal, Alexandr (advisor)
The aim of a bachelor´s thesis is to design and construct a model of fluidized bed for encapsulating a hybrid integrated circuits. A theory about hybrid integrated circuits, their packages, principles of fluidized bed and about organic materials suitable for fluidization is included in a first part of the thesis. Next parts of the thesis discusses a design of a theoretical model and its practical construction part. Thesis also contains a part about fluidization process optimalization for a specific encapsulating material.
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